Make yourself visible and let companies apply to you.
Role title
Roles
Spring Jobs in Belfast
Get notified about new jobs that match this search?
Full Stack Developer (Java)
VANRATH
Belfast
Hybrid
Mid - Senior
£100,000
RECENTLY POSTED
+1

Full Stack Software Engineer (Java Focus) Location: Belfast (Hybrid) Overview An established global financial services organisation is seeking an experienced Full Stack Software Engineer to join a high-performing internal tools team. This role is ideal for a developer with a strong Java background who also enjoys working across the full stack, contributing to both backend services and user-facing applications. You’ll be part of an agile environment delivering innovative tools and trading solutions used on a global scale. What You’ll Be Doing Designing and building full stack applications to support a global trading platform Developing Java-based services alongside modern, responsive front-end interfaces Working closely with product and business teams to deliver tailored solutions Contributing across the full development lifecycle (design, build, testing, deployment, support) Enhancing and maintaining existing systems and tools Ensuring high performance, scalability, and code quality Participating in agile ceremonies and team collaboration Supporting production systems when required What We’re Looking For Strong commercial experience with Java Experience with Spring Framework (Spring Boot preferred) Solid understanding of full stack development Experience with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and ideally TypeScript Experience working with databases (Oracle / SQL) Familiarity with Linux/Unix environments Strong problem-solving skills and attention to detail Comfortable working in an agile, collaborative team Nice to Have Experience with Angular or similar front-end frameworks Knowledge of multithreading or concurrent programming Experience with event-driven systems or messaging tools Background in financial services or trading environments Why Apply? Opportunity to work on high-impact, global systems Collaborative and agile working environment Hybrid working model Exposure to modern technologies and complex problem-solving For further information on this job, apply via the link or contact the VANRATH office for a confidential chat today. Follow VANRATH on LinkedIn for expert career advice, the latest jobs, industry news, and much more Skills: Full Stack Developer Java Developer Full Stack Engineer Full Stack Java Developer

ADZN1_NI

Senior Java Engineer
Ocho
Belfast
Remote or hybrid
Senior
£65,000
RECENTLY POSTED
+2

Do you enjoy designing and building scalable backend systems in the cloud - with Java at the core and AWS powering it all? My client is looking for a Senior Java Engineer to join a highly capable engineering team working on modern, cloud-native systems. This role offers real ownership, technical depth and the chance to shape how systems are built and run on AWS. What you’ll be doing Designing, developing and maintaining backend services using Java Building and operating cloud-native solutions on AWS Working with services such as EC2, ECS/EKS, Lambda, S3, RDS/DynamoDB and CloudWatch Contributing to architectural decisions and cloud best practices Improving system scalability, performance and resilience Working closely with DevOps, product and engineering teams Mentoring junior engineers and raising engineering standards What we’re looking for Strong commercial experience as a Senior Java Engineer Deep knowledge of modern Java (Java 11+) Hands-on AWS experience in production environments Experience designing and supporting distributed systems and microservices Strong understanding of RESTful APIs and event-driven architectures Experience with CI/CD pipelines and cloud-based deployments A proactive, problem-solving mindset Nice to have Spring / Spring Boot Infrastructure as Code (Terraform, CloudFormation) Containerisation (Docker, Kubernetes) Experience in high-availability or high-throughput environments This role would suit a senior engineer who enjoys building reliable cloud systems and taking ownership from design through to production. If you have any further questions on the role, please feel free to reach out to Brendan McCrory directly. Benefits: Work From Home

ADZN1_NI

Java Engineer
VANRATH
Belfast
Hybrid
Mid - Senior
£100,000
RECENTLY POSTED

Location: Belfast (Hybrid)

About the Company

You’ll join a collaborative engineering team focused on building and improving modern, scalable applications that support global platforms and services.

We’re seeking a Java Engineer to join a high-impact internal tools team supporting a global electronic trading platform. This role is ideal for a strong Java developer who enjoys working across the full stack, contributing to both backend services and user-facing applications.

You’ll play a key role in designing and building production-grade systems that power trading activity globally, working closely with product, trading, and business teams to deliver high-quality solutions.

What You’ll Be Doing

  • Designing and developing applications to support global trading platforms
  • Building robust Java-based backend services alongside modern front-end interfaces
  • Working closely with product, support, and trading teams to deliver tailored solutions
  • Contributing across the full software development life cycle (design, development, testing, deployment, and support)
  • Enhancing and maintaining existing tools and systems
  • Ensuring high performance, scalability, and code quality
  • Participating in agile ceremonies and continuous improvement initiatives
  • Supporting production systems and troubleshooting issues when required

What We’re Looking For

  • Strong commercial experience with Java
  • Experience with the Spring Framework (Spring Boot desirable)
  • Solid understanding of backend development, with exposure to frontend technologies
  • Experience with HTML, CSS, JavaScript (TypeScript beneficial)
  • Experience working with databases (Oracle / SQL / PL SQL)
  • Familiarity with Linux/Unix environments
  • Understanding of multi threading and concurrent programming
  • Experience with event-driven architectures or messaging systems (e.g. pub/sub, Solace or similar)
  • Strong problem-solving skills and ability to work in a collaborative team

Nice to Have

  • Experience with Angular or similar frameworks
  • Background in financial services or electronic trading environments

Why Apply?

  • Work on high-impact, real-time global systems
  • Collaborative, agile, and engineering-led culture
  • Opportunity to influence technical direction and architecture
  • Exposure to modern technologies and complex problem-solving
  • Hybrid working model

For further information on this job, apply via the link or contact the VANRATH office for a confidential chat today.

Follow VANRATH on LinkedIn for expert career advice, the latest jobs, industry news, and much more

Skills:
Full Stack Developer Java Developer Full Stack Engineer Full Stack Java Developer Java Engineer

Principal Software Engineer
Ocho
Belfast
Hybrid
Senior
£100,000
RECENTLY POSTED
+5

Principal Java Engineer - Belfast (Hybrid)

We’re hiring a Principal Java Engineer for one of the most interesting product engineering teams in Belfast. This is a genuine principal-level role - not a senior engineer with a better title. You’ll be setting technical direction, owning architecture decisions, and working on systems that operate at serious scale.

If you’re based in Belfast, deeply experienced in Java, and you live and breathe AWS - read on.

What you’ll be doing:

  • Leading the design and delivery of large-scale, distributed backend systems in Java
  • Taking end-to-end ownership of complex engineering initiatives from conception through to production
  • Defining and driving architectural standards across the engineering organisation
  • Collaborating closely with product, data, and infrastructure teams to shape technical direction
  • Mentoring and elevating engineers around you - this is a role with real influence

What we’re looking for:

  • 10+ years of Java development experience, including significant time working on distributed, cloud-native systems
  • Deep, hands-on AWS expertise - not just familiarity. We’re talking EC2, EKS, Lambda, SQS, S3, RDS, CloudFormation, and beyond
  • Strong grasp of distributed systems design: event-driven architecture, microservices, fault tolerance, and performance at scale
  • Experience with Spring Boot and modern Java frameworks
  • Solid SQL and database design skills (PostgreSQL a plus)
  • CI/CD maturity - Jenkins, GitHub, Terraform or similar
  • The ability to communicate technical complexity clearly to both engineers and non-engineers

Nice to have:

  • Experience with Kotlin or Scala
  • Familiarity with data pipelines, reporting systems, or analytics platforms
  • Prior experience in a staff or principal IC role

We’re a global product company with a Belfast engineering team that punches well above its weight. You’ll work on problems at a scale most Belfast roles simply don’t offer - and you’ll do it with a team that cares deeply about the craft.

Hybrid working from our Belfast office. Competitive salary, equity, and benefits.

Benefits:
Work From Home

Senior Software Engineer - Java
Ocho
Belfast
Hybrid
Senior
Private salary
RECENTLY POSTED

Senior Software Engineer Java, Microservices | Belfast (Hybrid)

Location: Belfast
Type: Permanent

About the Opportunity:
Join a highly collaborative backend team building core services that power a global content platform. This role focuses on designing and delivering scalable microservices in a cloud-native environment.

What Youll Be Doing:
Design, build, and maintain backend services and APIs
Work on modernising monolith systems into microservices
Write high-quality, test-driven code using TDD/BDD practices
Collaborate with engineers across multiple teams and regions
Contribute to system reliability, monitoring, and performance
Support production systems including on-call rotation
Mentor junior engineers and contribute to engineering standards

What Youll Bring:
Strong backend development experience (Java, Kotlin or similar)
Experience building scalable microservices and REST APIs
Knowledge of cloud-native systems and architectures
Experience with CI/CD pipelines and Agile delivery
Strong understanding of design patterns and SOLID principles
Experience with relational databases

Why Join:
Opportunity to work on high-scale distributed systems
Strong focus on engineering quality and best practice
Exposure to modern architecture and cloud technologies
Collaborative and globally distributed engineering team

If you’re interested or have any further questions on the role, please feel free to reach out to Eve Geddis directly on LinkedIn.

Skills:
Java Kotlin Spring AWS

Benefits:
Medical Aid / Health Care Pension Fund

Full Stack Software Engineer - Java
Ocho
Belfast
Hybrid
Junior - Mid
Private salary
RECENTLY POSTED

Software Engineer Full Stack, Cloud | Hybrid

Location: Hybrid
Type: Permanent

About the Opportunity:
This is a full stack engineering role within a fast-paced, product-driven environment focused on building enterprise systems that support trading, operations, and risk functions. Youll work closely with business stakeholders to deliver scalable, high-performance solutions in a cloud-first environment.

What Youll Be Doing:
Design, build, and maintain enterprise-level software systems
Develop tools, data feeds, and reporting solutions to support business needs
Work closely with stakeholders across trading, operations, and risk teams
Ensure software quality, performance, and operational resilience
Contribute to architecture decisions and system design
Participate in cross-team initiatives to support wider business goals
Support testing, deployment, and continuous improvement of systems

What Youll Bring:
2+ years experience in a software engineering role (or strong graduate profile)
Strong computer science fundamentals and software design knowledge
Experience working in cloud environments (AWS or similar)
Experience with backend development, ideally Java and Spring Boot
Understanding of database design, ideally PostgreSQL
Exposure to event-driven or queue-based systems (e.g. Kafka)
Experience with testing practices and CI/CD pipelines
Familiarity with Agile development practices

Why Join:
Opportunity to work in a high-impact, product-focused environment
Exposure to complex, real-world systems across multiple business areas
High level of autonomy with direct access to decision-makers
Strong learning environment with focus on long-term development

If you’re interested or have any further questions on the role, please feel free to reach out to Eve Geddis directly on LinkedIn.

Skills:
Java Spring AWS PostgreSQL Kafka

Benefits:
Medical Aid / Health Care Pension

Staff Java Engineer
Ocho
Belfast
Remote or hybrid
Senior - Leader
£100,000
RECENTLY POSTED
+1

Candidates must be based in NI

All applications not based in NI will be disregarded

Do you enjoy building robust, scalable systems that handle real complexity - and doing it with modern Java and AWS?

My client is looking for a Staff Java Engineer to play a key role in designing and delivering high-performance backend services in a cloud-first environment. This is an opportunity to work on meaningful, production-critical systems alongside experienced engineers who care about quality, scalability and clean design.

The team is flexible by default - you’re welcome to work fully remote, or take advantage of their excellent office in Belfast if you prefer a hybrid setup. There’s no fixed expectation; it’s about what works best for you.

What you’ll be doing

  • Designing, building and maintaining scalable backend services using Java
  • Working heavily with AWS (e.g. EC2, ECS/EKS, Lambda, S3, RDS, CloudWatch)
  • Contributing to system design discussions and technical decision-making
  • Improving performance, reliability and observability of distributed systems
  • Collaborating closely with product, DevOps and engineering peers
  • Mentoring more junior engineers and setting best practices

What we’re looking for

  • Strong commercial experience as a Senior Java Engineer
  • Deep knowledge of modern Java (Java 11+)
  • Hands-on experience building and running systems on AWS
  • Experience with microservices, REST APIs and distributed architectures
  • Solid understanding of databases (SQL and/or NoSQL)
  • Comfortable working in CI/CD-driven environments
  • A proactive mindset and strong problem-solving skills

Nice to have

  • Experience with Spring / Spring Boot
  • Infrastructure as Code (Terraform, CloudFormation)
  • Containerisation (Docker, Kubernetes)
  • Experience in high-throughput or mission-critical systems

This role would suit someone who enjoys ownership, technical challenge and having a real impact on the systems they build.

If you have any further questions on the role, please feel free to reach out to Brendan McCrory directly

Benefits:
Work From Home

Staff /Senior Staff Java Developers
Ocho
Belfast
Hybrid
Senior
£100,000
RECENTLY POSTED
+4

Staff/ Senior Staff Java Developer - Belfast-Hybrid Role - 1-2 days in the office

About the CompanY

Our client is a globally recognised SaaS technology company building large-scale data and commerce platforms used by some of the world’s most recognisable retail and consumer brands.

Their Belfast engineering centre plays a key role in designing and delivering highly scalable cloud-native systems that process millions of transactions and events daily.

As part of continued platform evolution, they are seeking Staff / Senior Staff Java Developers to help drive the architecture, delivery, and evolution of modern event-driven microservices.

The Role

This is a hands-on technical leadership role focused on designing and delivering highly scalable distributed systems while shaping the long-term architecture of the platform.

You will work closely with engineering teams across multiple regions to define architecture standards, guide platform evolution, and help modernise core services as the business continues to scale.

While this role involves technical strategy and architecture leadership, it also requires a strong hands-on engineering mindset, contributing directly to critical platform initiatives when required.

Key Responsibilities

* Design and deliver scalable Java-based microservices and distributed systems within a modern cloud-native architecture

* Lead the development of event-driven architectures using messaging, event streaming, and asynchronous processing patterns

* Contribute to the evolution of the platform architecture using CQRS, Event Sourcing, and domain-driven design principles

* Build and maintain services deployed in containerised environments using Kubernetes in AWS

* Develop and optimise APIs and service integrations used across multiple internal platforms

* Partner with engineering teams globally to establish architecture standards and best practices for APIs and event-driven systems

* Identify and lead initiatives to address architecture debt, improve operational efficiency, and modernise legacy services

* Ensure systems align with AWS Well-Architected Framework principles, focusing on reliability, performance, cost optimisation, and security

* Contribute hands-on to the delivery of mission-critical platform projects when required

Essential Criteria

* Strong commercial experience developing backend systems using Java (Spring Boot or similar frameworks)

* Proven experience building distributed systems and microservices architectures

* Experience designing and implementing event-driven architectures using messaging or streaming technologies

* Experience working with cloud platforms (AWS preferred) and modern DevOps practices

* Familiarity with containerisation and orchestration tools such as Docker and Kubernetes

* Strong experience with API design and scalable service architectures

* Experience working with NoSQL and distributed data stores such as DynamoDB or MongoDB

* Understanding of modern architectural patterns including CQRS and Event Sourcing

Why Join

* Work on high-scale global SaaS platforms used by leading international brands

* Join a high-performing engineering team in Belfast with strong global collaboration

* Opportunity to influence platform architecture and engineering standards across the organisation

* Exposure to modern technologies including AWS, Kubernetes, event streaming, and cloud-native architectures

* Competitive salary, bonus, and strong benefits package

How to Apply

If you believe you meet the criteria for this role and are excited about the opportunity to join our team, please apply via this link. Alternatively, you can reach out to Phil Gamble directly for an informal chat via LinkedIn or WhatsApp.

About Phil Gamble

Phil Gamble has over 21 years of experience in the Tech recruitment industry, successfully delivering on challenging IT recruitment campaigns in global IT software companies in the US, UK, and Ireland. He takes a personalized approach to understanding candidates and has garnered praise for his professionalism and dedication to their career goals.

Skills:
Java Aws SaaS AI

Lead Platform Consultant (Hybrid)
Allstate Northern Ireland
Belfast
Hybrid
Senior
Private salary
RECENTLY POSTED
+9

At Allstate, great things happen when our people work together to protect families and their belongings from life’s uncertainties. And for more than 90 years, our innovative drive has kept us a step ahead of our customers’ evolving needs. From advocating for seat belts, air bags and graduated driving laws, to being an industry leader in pricing sophistication, telematics, and, more recently, device and identity protection.

Your role in the team

Product Security is growing. We are engineering enterprise-wide security solutions that start left instead of just shifting left. Our focus spans AI Security, SaaS Security, API Security, Threat Modeling Agents, Apex Threat Modeling, Code Security in the IDE/Pipelines, and more.

We are seeking a visionary Platform Consultant with deep engineering expertise and strong security architecture experience. In this senior-level role, you will act as a strategic advisor to our engineering teams and organizations, guiding them through complex technical challenges and shaping platform strategies in line with Allstate’s outcome-based delivery culture. You will embed secure-by-design principles, including rigorous threat modeling from the outset of development, to fortify our platforms from the ground up. You will make clear, well-informed architectural decisions and articulate our security posture and recommendations to senior leadership, ensuring clarity and confidence in the integrity of our solutions.

As a security-focused engineering leader, you will collaborate with teams from Security Operations to implement proactive defenses and risk mitigations, to consulting with data scientists to leverage analytics and AI for enhanced platform capabilities. This cross-functional engagement provides continuous opportunities to influence Allstate’s engineering community. You will mentor teams in modern engineering practices, champion system-wide best practices (such as Zero Trust architecture and reusable design), and drive the adoption of emerging technologies to improve reliability, performance, and efficiency.

At Allstate, great things happen when our people work together to protect families and their belongings from life’s uncertainties. And for more than 90 years, our innovative drive has kept us a step ahead of our customers’ evolving needs. From advocating for seat belts, air bags and graduated driving laws, to being an industry leader in pricing sophistication, telematics, and, more recently, device and identity protection.

Your role in the team

Product Security is growing. We are engineering enterprise-wide security solutions that start left instead of just shifting left. Our focus spans AI Security, SaaS Security, API Security, Threat Modeling Agents, Apex Threat Modeling, Code Security in the IDE/Pipelines, and more.

We are seeking a visionary Platform Consultant with deep engineering expertise and strong security architecture experience. In this senior-level role, you will act as a strategic advisor to our engineering teams and organizations, guiding them through complex technical challenges and shaping platform strategies in line with Allstate’s outcome-based delivery culture. You will embed secure-by-design principles, including rigorous threat modeling from the outset of development, to fortify our platforms from the ground up. You will make clear, well-informed architectural decisions and articulate our security posture and recommendations to senior leadership, ensuring clarity and confidence in the integrity of our solutions.

As a security-focused engineering leader, you will collaborate with teams from Security Operations to implement proactive defenses and risk mitigations, to consulting with data scientists to leverage analytics and AI for enhanced platform capabilities. This cross-functional engagement provides continuous opportunities to influence Allstate’s engineering community. You will mentor teams in modern engineering practices, champion system-wide best practices (such as Zero Trust architecture and reusable design), and drive the adoption of emerging technologies to improve reliability, performance, and efficiency.

The ideal candidate is a forward-thinking technical leader who seamlessly blends engineering know-how with security vision, inspiring change and driving strategic progress in a dynamic technology landscape. You are unwilling to accept solutions that compromise either developer experience or security integrity.

Key Responsibilities

  • Serve as a trusted consultant to engineering teams and organizations, guiding secure platform design and implementation across diverse product domains

  • Communicate clearly and effectively ensuring business and engineering needs are met

  • Foster effective collaborative sessions with teams from different disciplines and leadership levels

  • Embed secure-by-design principles and deep threat modeling practices into the development lifecycle, ensuring security is foundational-not bolted on

  • Define and communicate Allstate’s security posture clearly to technical and business leadership, enabling informed decision-making

  • Lead the ideation and implementation of innovative security controls that challenge the status quo and elevate Allstate’s embedded security maturity

  • Drive forward engineering practices that adapt to evolving technologies, enabling scalable, resilient, and efficient platforms

  • Mentor engineers and platform consultants in systems thinking, reusable design, and outcome-based delivery

  • Influence cross-functional teams through Discovery & Framing sessions, architectural reviews, and strategic planning

  • Promote and enforce architectural standards, simplification, and reuse across the enterprise

  • Actively participate in agile ceremonies and foster a culture of continuous learning and iterative delivery

Essential Skills:

  • A minimum of 5 years software engineering experience in at least 3 programming paradigms to include:-

  • Object-oriented (Java & Javascript required and at least one other language)

  • Procedural / systems (e.g. Go, Rust, C)

  • Functional (e.g. F#, Elixir, Clojure, Haskell)

  • and experience using modern development tools (e.g., IntelliJ or VS Code, Git/GitHub, Spring Boot) and designing robust RESTful APIs

  • A minimum of 3 years hands on expertise in architecting and delivering large scale distributed systems, such as cloud native microservices on Docker/Kubernetes, deployed on modern cloud platforms (AWS, Azure, or equivalent), ensuring scalability, high availability, and performance

  • Demonstrated success as a high impact technical advisor to multiple engineering teams, with proven ability to influence architecture direction and mentor engineers in best practices with proven leadership responsibilities.

  • Expert level knowledge of Agile/XP and DevOps methodologies, including paired programming, test driven development (TDD), and CI/CD automation, with a track record of using these practices to accelerate delivery and improve quality

Desirable Skills:

  • In-depth knowledge of industry security frameworks and web/API security standards e.g., OWASP Top 10, MITRE ATT&CK, OAuth 2.0, OpenID Connect, SAML - to guide secure design and development practices

  • Deep expertise in security architecture and secure-by-design practices, including advanced threat modeling, robust identity and access management (IAM) strategies, and Zero Trust architectures with a proven ability to embed these controls at all stages of the development lifecycle

  • Technical proficiency with AI tools such as running local models, developing MCP servers, using AI powered development tools like cursor/copilot/claude code/codex/etc to help drive your work more efficiently and test for effective model deployment strategies

  • Demonstrated expertise in API-first design and specification-driven development (e.g., OpenAPI, Swagger), enabling scalable, discoverable, and reusable services. Proven ability to shape developer experience and accelerate delivery through contract-first approaches, while laying the foundation for AI-assisted development and automated API governance

  • Deep understanding of modern cryptographic principles and protocols (e.g., AES, TLS, Argon2, elliptic curve cryptography), with the ability to evaluate, implement, and advise on secure data protection strategies. Skilled in applying cryptographic techniques to strengthen trust boundaries, safeguard sensitive data, and ensure compliance with enterprise and regulatory security standards

  • Experience with advanced development and testing practices, such as behavior-driven development (BDD) and integrating automated security checks into CI/CD pipelines

  • Familiarity with emerging technologies (e.g., AI/ML, knowledge graph solutions, advanced analytics) and their application to improve developer velocity, platform reliability, and security capabilities

  • Exposure to specialized security domains like AI Security, SaaS Security, and API Security, with an understanding of the unique challenges and tools in these areas

Supervisory Responsibilities:

  • This job does not have supervisory duties.

Posting Closing date: Wednesday 13th May 2026 {11.59pm}

#LI-MM4

#LI-Hybrid

Skills

Application Programming Interface (API) Security, Code Security, Product Security, Secure Platform, Security Architecture Design

Joining our team isn’t just a job - it’s an opportunity. One that takes your skills and pushes them to the next level. One that encourages you to challenge the status quo. One where you can shape the future of protection while supporting causes that mean the most to you. Joining our team means being part of something bigger - a winning team making a meaningful impact.

Why join us?

Allstate NI is proud to be Allstate’s European Digital Centre of Excellence-recent winners of ‘Best Use of Cloud Services’ at the Belfast Telegraph IT Awards 2024, and recognised for our community and sustainability impact at the 2024 Business in the Community Awards and Gold accreditation for Environmental Responsibility.

We’re a product-driven, cloud-first organisation delivering real outcomes through modern technology, a digital product-centric talent model, and a culture rooted in engineering excellence. Our teams work in cross-functional structures, guided by an outcome-based delivery approach that accelerates speed, agility, and value.

We offer:

A generous, flexible benefits package including annual leave, healthcare and dental cover, pension, and lifestyle discounts

Access to world-class learning platforms and award-winning L&D

Clear career paths, internal mobility, and a strong focus on growth

A people-first culture with flexible working options

Be part of a high-performing, socially responsible organisation where your work has purpose, and your growth is supported every step of the way.

Statement on Fair Employment and Equal Opportunities

Allstate NI wishes to ensure equal opportunity is given to all job applicants. This company will not discriminate on the grounds of race, gender (including gender reassignment status), sexual orientation, religious belief, political opinion, marital status, age or disability.

We are an equal opportunities employer. We welcome applications from all suitably qualified persons. However, as women are currently under-represented in our workforce, we would particularly welcome applications from women. All appointments will be made on merit.

Applicants should note Allstate NI complete AccessNI background checks on all candidates offered a position.
Read more

To be considered for this role you will be redirected to and must complete the application process on our careers page. To start the process, click the Apply button below to Login/Register.

Page 1 of 1